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Noun genders: der, die, das

Every German noun has a grammatical gender: masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das). The gender changes articles, pronouns and adjective endings, so it is worth learning from day one.

Three genders, three articles

German nouns always start with a capital letter and belong to one of three groups. In the dictionary form (the nominative) the definite article shows the gender:

GenderArticleExamples
masculinederder Tisch, der Tee, der Montag, der Arzt
femininediedie Tür, die Milch, die Wohnung, die Ärztin
neuterdasdas Buch, das Wasser, das Handy, das Kind
plural (all genders)diedie Tische, die Türen, die Bücher

Grammatical gender is often not logical. A table is masculine, a door is feminine and a girl (das Mädchen) is neuter. Hindi and Urdu speakers already know the idea of gender for things – kitaab is feminine – but the German gender of a word rarely matches the Hindi one, so don't transfer it.

Endings that tell you the gender

For many nouns you cannot guess the gender, but certain endings are very reliable. Learning them saves you hundreds of individual decisions.

der (masculine)die (feminine)das (neuter)
-er for people/tools: der Lehrer, der Computer-ung: die Zeitung, die Wohnung-chen: das Brötchen, das Mädchen
-ling: der Frühling, der Lehrling-heit / -keit: die Freiheit, die Möglichkeit-lein: das Büchlein
-ismus: der Tourismus-ion: die Information, die Nation-ment: das Dokument, das Instrument
-ist: der Tourist-schaft: die Freundschaft-um: das Zentrum, das Museum
days, months, seasons: der Freitag, der Mai, der Winter-tät: die Universitätinfinitives used as nouns: das Essen, das Lernen

Most nouns ending in -e are feminine (die Lampe, die Straße, die Tasche), but there are exceptions such as der Name, der Käse and male people like der Kollege.

People and compound nouns

For people, gender usually follows the person: der Vater, die Mutter, der Bruder, die Schwester. Female job titles add -in and are always feminine: der Ingenieur → die Ingenieurin, der Lehrer → die Lehrerin.

German loves compound nouns. The good news: the last part decides the gender. die Küche + der Tisch = der Küchentisch. der Bahnhof + die Straße = die Bahnhofstraße. das Handy + die Nummer = die Handynummer.

How to learn genders

  • Never learn a noun alone. Learn der Stuhl, not Stuhl, and say it aloud.
  • Use colours in your notes: many learners write masculine nouns in blue, feminine in red and neuter in green.
  • Group words by ending (-ung, -heit, -chen) and enjoy the easy ones.
  • Use the pronoun test in conversation: if you know der Bus, you will also say Er kommt gleich.

Some words change meaning with gender: der See is a lake, die See is the sea. Don't worry about every case; a wrong article rarely stops people from understanding you, but correct articles make your German sound much more confident.

Common mistakes

Not quiteCorrectWhy
Die Mädchen ist nett.Das Mädchen ist nett.Nouns ending in -chen are always neuter, even for people.
das Zeitungdie ZeitungNouns ending in -ung are feminine.
die Küchentischder KüchentischIn a compound the last part (der Tisch) decides the gender.
die Montagder MontagDays of the week are masculine.

Practice questions

1. ___ Wohnung ist sehr groß.

Nouns ending in -ung are feminine.

2. ___ Brötchen ist frisch.

The ending -chen makes a noun neuter.

3. ___ Januar ist in Deutschland kalt.

Months are masculine.

4. ___ Universität liegt im Zentrum.

Nouns ending in -tät are feminine.

5. ___ Dokument ist wichtig.

Nouns ending in -ment are usually neuter.

6. ___ Zugticket liegt auf dem Tisch.

The last part, das Ticket, decides: das Zugticket.

7. ___ Lehrerin heißt Frau Schmidt.

Female job titles with -in are feminine.

8. ___ Frühling beginnt im März.

Seasons are masculine, and -ling is a masculine ending.

Practise it in the course

Related grammar: Definite and indefinite articles, Plural of nouns, Personal pronouns.

Back to the grammar reference or to the A1 lessons.

Sources

Original practice questions written by the Desi European Tales editorial team; they are not the official exam questions. Checked 1 November 2026.

Related: German grammar reference · German A1 lessons · Definite and indefinite articles

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